17 research outputs found
Consumption of diets high in prebiotic fiber or protein during growth influences the response to a high fat and sucrose diet in adulthood in rats
Article deposited according to agreement with BMC, December 6, 2010.YesFunding provided by the Open Access Authors Fund
Differential controls by climate and physiology over the emission rates of biogenic volatile organic compounds from mature trees in a semi-arid pine forest
Drought has the potential to influence the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from forests and thus affect the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. Our understanding of these influences is limited, in part, by a lack of field observations on mature trees and the small number of BVOCs monitored. We studied 50- to 60-year-old Pinus ponderosa trees in a semi-arid forest that experience early summer drought followed by late-summer monsoon rains, and observed emissions for five BVOCsāmonoterpenes, methylbutenol, methanol, acetaldehyde and acetone. We also constructed a throughfall-interception experiment to create āwetterā and ādrierā plots. Generally, trees in drier plots exhibited reduced sap flow, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductances, while BVOC emission rates were unaffected by the artificial drought treatments. During the natural, early summer drought, a physiological threshold appeared to be crossed when photosynthesis ā
2Ā Ī¼molĀ mā»Ā² sā»Ā¹ and conductance ā
0.02Ā molĀ mā»Ā²Ā sā»Ā¹. Below this threshold, BVOC emissions are correlated with leaf physiology (photosynthesis and conductance) while BVOC emissions are not correlated with other physicochemical factors (e.g., compound volatility and tissue BVOC concentration) that have been shown in past studies to influence emissions. The proportional loss of C to BVOC emission was highest during the drought primarily due to reduced COā assimilation. It appears that seasonal drought changes the relations among BVOC emissions, photosynthesis and conductance. When drought is relaxed, BVOC emission rates are explained mostly by seasonal temperature, but when seasonal drought is maximal, photosynthesis and conductanceāthe physiological processes which best explain BVOC emission ratesādecline, possibly indicating a more direct role of physiology in controlling BVOC emission.14 page(s
Satiety Hormone and Metabolomic Response to an Intermittent High Energy Diet Differs in Rats Consuming Long-Term Diets High in Protein or Prebiotic Fiber
Large differences in the composition of diet between
early development
and adulthood can have detrimental effects on obesity risk. We examined
the effects of an intermittent high fat/sucrose diet (HFS) on satiety
hormone and serum metabolite response in disparate diets. Wistar rat
pups were fed control (C), high prebiotic fiber (HF) or high protein
(HP) diets (weaning to 16 weeks), HFS diet challenged (6 weeks), and
finally reverted to their respective C, HF, or HP diet (4 weeks).
At conclusion, measurement of body composition and satiety hormones
was accompanied by <sup>1</sup>H NMR metabolic profiles in fasted
and postprandial states. Metabolomic profiling predicted dietary source
with >90% accuracy. The HF group was characterized by lowest body
weight and body fat (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and increased satiety
hormone levels (glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide-YY). Regularized
modeling confirmed that the HF diet is associated with higher gut
hormone secretion that could reflect the known effects of prebiotics
on gut microbiota and their fementative end products, the short chain
fatty acids. Rats reared on a HF diet appear to experience fewer adverse
effects from an intermittent high fat diet in adulthood when rematched
to their postnatal diet. Metabolite profiles associated with the diets
provide a distinct biochemical signature of their effects